Effect of urinary excretion on the bladder tissue distribution of fluoroquinolones in rats. The etiology of urinary tract infection: traditional and emerging pathogens. Prevalence and risk factors for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant Escherichia coli among women with acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in a developing country. Gangcuangco LM, Alejandria M, Henson KE, Alfaraz L, Ata RM, Lopez M, et al. Antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in premenopausal women. Antimicrobial prophylaxis in women with recurrent urinary tract infections. Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: indicence, morbidity, and economic costs. Clinical presentation of urinary tract infection (UTI) differs with aging in women. In addition, SDPM-CIP tablets met pharmacopoeial quality specifications.Īrinzon Z, Shabat S, Peisakh A, Berner Y. The processing conditions to obtain SDPM-CIP tablets are easy to scale up since they involve technology currently employed in the pharmaceutical industry and the process is less challenging to implement.
Pharmacokinetic parameters (rate of urinary excretion, maximum urine excretion rate, t max, area under the curve, amount and percentage of the ciprofloxacin dose excreted in urine) showed no statistical differences between both formulations at any of the time intervals of collection. Urinary concentrations were assessed by HPLC at intervals up to 36 h. Fasted healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of 500 mg ciprofloxacin of either formulation in a randomised crossover study. A batch of SDPM-CIP tablets was manufactured by the wet granulation method and the CB-CIP ionic complex was obtained in situ. Thus, since ciprofloxacin urine concentrations are associated with the clinical cure of urinary tract infections, the goal of this work was to compare the urinary excretion of SDPM-CIP tablets with those of the CIPRO XR® bilayer tablets. This formulation showed that the release profile of the ciprofloxacin bilayer tablets currently commercialised can be achieved with a simpler strategy. The matrix contains a molecular dispersion of ciprofloxacin ionically bonded to the acidic groups of carbomer, forming the polyelectrolyte-drug complex CB-CIP. Leica became renowned as a maker of high quality equipment for photography, photographic reproduction, and observation.Īfter the 1960s - company face increasingly stiff competition in the market from Japanese manufacturers.ġ972 - co-operation between Wild Heerbrugg, Switzerland and Leitz.ġ986 - Leica GmbH was founded to manage the Leitz camera division just as sales began to decline.ġ986/1987 - company merges with Wild Heerbrugg AG to form Wild Leitz.ġ990 - Wild Leitz and Cambridge Instruments group (including Reichert Jung) merge now Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar + Leica Camera AG, Solms, Germany + Leica Geosystems, Heerbrugg, Switzerland.This paper builds on a previous paper in which new ciprofloxacin extended-release tablets were developed based on a ciprofloxacin-based swellable drug polyelectrolyte matrix (SDPM-CIP). Oskar Barnack, previously an employee of Zeiss, experimented with his idea for several years before he finally invented the Leica camera.ġ849 - Wetzlar Optical Institute founded by Carl Kellner (1823-1855).ġ864 - mechanic Ernst Leitz joined the Optical Institute, manufacturing lenses for telescopes and microscopes.ġ865-1869 - partnership as 'Optical Institute' Leitz became a partner.ġ869 - Ernst Leitz (1843-1920) takes over sole management and renames company as E Leitz, Wetzlar.ġ920 - management passes to Ernst Leitz (II) then to his sons, Ernst, Ludwig and Günther in 1956.ġ924 - the camera goes into mass production. The first 35-mm compact camera was developed and manufactured at the Leitz company. The company became highly successful manufacturing microscopes before branching out in to camera manufacture.